REOG PONOROGO and WAROK
Reog is one of the cultural arts originating from East Java and thenorthwestern part Ponorogo hometown Reog regarded as the truth. Ponorogo city gate was decorated by the figure Warok andgemblak, two figures who took part performed at the time of Reogdemonstrated. Reog is one proof of local culture in Indonesia isstill very strong with things mystical and powerful mysticism.
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| Reog Ponorogo |
Basically there are five versions of the popular story that develops in the community about the origins and Warok Reog, but one of the most famous story is the story of the rebellion Ki Ageng Kutu, a royal servant in the Bra Kertabumi, the last king of Majapahit in power at century -15. Ki Ageng Kutu will anger the powerful influence of the Chinese party colleagues in the government of his king and the king of corrupt behavior, he also saw that the power of the Majapahit Kingdom will end.
He then left the king and founded the college where he teaches young kids martial arts, science, self-immunity, and the science of perfection in the hope that these young children will be the seed of the resurrection of the Majapahit kingdom again later. Aware that his forces are too small to fight the royal troops the political message conveyed through Ki Ageng Kutu Reog performing arts, which is a "satire" to the King and his kingdom Bra Kertabumi .Reog performances become ways Ki Ageng lice build resistance of local communities using Reog popularity.
The mask is shown performing Reog lion-shaped head, known as "Singa Barong", king of the jungle, which became a symbol for Kertabumi, and above it is plugged in peacock feathers to resemble a giant fan that symbolize the strong influence of his Chinese colleagues on the set of all motion.
Jatilan, played by a group of dancers gemblak a piggyback ride became a symbol of the power of the kingdom of Majapahit troops which contrasts with the power warok comparison, a red clown mask behind which became the symbol for Ki Ageng Kutu, alone and carry the weight of the mask Singabarong that reach more of 50kg just by using his teeth.
Ki Ageng Kutu Reog popularity eventually led to Kertabumi take action and attack perguruannya, rebellion by warok quickly overcome, and forbidden to continue teaching college will warok.But students still continue Ki Ageng ticks quietly. Even so, the arts Reognya still allowed to be staged since the show has become popular among the people, but the story has a new channel which added characters from folklore that is Kelono Sewondono Ponorogo, Goddess Songgolangit, and Sri Genthayu.
The official version of the story line Reog Ponorogo now is the story of King Ponorogo who intend applying for Kediri daughter, Dewi Ragil Kuning, but the middle of the journey he was intercepted by King Singabarong of Kadiri. King Singabarong forces consist of peacocks and lions, while the King of the Kingdom of Ponorogo Bujanganom Kelono and his Deputy, escorted by warok (men dressed in black in the dance), and warok has a deadly black magic. The whole dance is a dance of war between the Kingdom and the Kingdom of Ponorogo Kadiri, and pitted black magic between them, the dancers in a state of 'trance' during the dance stage.
Until now people Ponorogo just follow what their heritage as a very rich cultural inheritance. In the experience of art is copyright Reog human creations which formed a cult that is hereditary and awake. The ceremony also use terms that are not easy for lay people to fill in the absence of a clear lineage. they embrace Parental lineage and customary law is still valid.
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| Reog and Warok |
Warok until now still have a place as an elder in the community.Proximity to the spiritual world often make a warok asked for advice on the grip or the tranquility of a spiritual life. A warok supposedly have mastered what is called Reh Kamusankan Sejati, true humanity road.
Warok is a force that relies on the truth in the struggle between good and evil in the story reog art. Parent is an umbrella warok figures, while Warok Young is still in early stages of their studies. Until now, Warok perceived as a figure who cast must have certain supernatural powers. Even some bad stories about life warok. Warok is a figure with a stereotype: wearing shorts, dressed in black, his supernatural powers and elders gemblakan.Menurut warok, Kasni Gunopati or known Mbah Wo Kucing, warok not a arrogant because of its strengths.
Warok is a person who has a holy determination, ready to provide guidance and protection without any strings attached. "It comes from the word Warok wewarah. Warok is wong kang wewarah wealthy. That is, one becomes warok being able to give guidance or instruction to others about the good life '. "Iku Warok wong kang wus full saka sakabehing behavior, lan wus menep ing sense" (Warok is a person who is perfect in conduct of his life, and until on the inner deposition).
Eligibility of Warok
Warok must run behavior. "Condition, the body must be clean because it will be filled. Warok must be able to rein in its passions, hunger or thirst, nor come into contact with women.Other requirements, a candidate must provide a warok rooster, 2.5 meters cloth, mats, and salvation together. After that, candidates will warok kanuragan forged with a variety of science and mysticism. Having declared the master of science, he then confirmed as a true warok. He obtained a weapon called a testament shorts, long white cord similar, the warok weapon.
Warok true at the present time only the legend remains. Some groups warok in certain areas there are those who hold fast to their culture and are still viewed as an elder and respected person, sometimes even government officials always ask for his blessing.
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| Gemblakan |
In addition to all the requirements that must be endured by the warok, hereinafter referred to as Gemblakan.Dahulu warok appear to have known many gemblak, namely teenage boys aged 12-15 years handsome and well groomed are maintained as kelangenan, which sometimes is more cherished than his wife and children . Maintaining gemblak is a tradition that has been deeply rooted in the community of artists reog. For a warok it is normal and socially acceptable. It is said that fellow warok never collide gemblak supernatural powers to fight a craving and besides sometimes lending gemblak.
Costs incurred for a gemblak warok not cheap. If gemblak warok who maintain the school should pay for school purposes in addition to feed and shelter. Whereas if gemblak not in school then every year to give it a sapi.Dalam warok tradition brought by Ki Ageng Suryongalam, magic can be obtained when a warok not willing to have sex with women. It was said to be a necessity stemming from the teacher's command to obtain supernatural powers.
The obligation to maintain any warok gemblak believed to be able to maintain his power. In addition there is a strong belief among warok, intimate relationships with women even with his own wife, can fade the whole magic warok. Mutual love, cherish and try to please are the hallmark of a special relationship between gemblak and waroknya. Gemblakan practices among warok, identified as homosexual practice because warok indulgence should not lust for women.
When it's already been a shift in conjunction with gemblakan. In the present gemblak difficult to find. Tradition maintains gemblak, now increasingly bleed. Gemblak the first regular role as a dancer jatilan (kuda lumping), its role is now replaced by young girls. Whereas once art is displayed without a single woman.
Reog in the present
Artists Reog Ponorogo graduate art schools also provide a touch on the development of dance reog ponorogo. Art school student introduced the art of the stage and aesthetic movements koreografis, then be reog ponorogo with festivals such as the current format. There is a story line, the sequence of whom appear first, namely Warok, then jatilan, Bujangganong, Klana Sewandana, then Barongan or sudden Peacock at the end.When one of these elements in action, other elements come to move or dance, though not prominent.
Several years ago, the Foundation initiated the founding of Reog Ponorogo Reog Society archipelago, whose members consist of reog groups from various regions in Indonesia who had taken part in the National Reog Festival. Reog ponorogo be very open to enrichment and changes in range of motion.
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